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James Spriggs Payne
James Spriggs Payne (December 19, 1819 – January 31, 1882) served as the fourth and eighth President of Liberia, from 1868 to 1870 and from 1876 to 1878.〔(Jesse N. Mongrue, ''Liberia: America's Footprint in Africa: Making the Cultural, Social, and Political Connections'' ), iUniverse.com, 2013, p. 72.〕 He was the last President to belong to Liberia's Republican Party.
==Early life==
Payne was born in Richmond, Virginia, in 1819 to former slaves who were each of mixed race, of European and African ancestry. Payne grew up in a highly religious Methodist family and was a devout Christian.〔("Payne, James Spriggs" ), ''Dictionary Of African Christian Biography''〕 His father, David M. Payne, was a Methodist minister and was ordained as a deacon by the Virginia Conference in 1824.〔Melton (2007), p. 58.〕 Payne was very fair; he was said to be of seven-eighths European-American ancestry, or one-eighth African. When Payne was ten years old, his family emigrated to Liberia through sponsorship by the American Colonization Society on the ship ''Harriet''. On the same ship was Joseph Jenkins Roberts, Liberia's future first president.〔("Roll Of Emigrants That Have Been Sent To The Colony Of Liberia, Western Africa, By The American Colonization Society And Its Auxiliaries, To September 1843" )〕
Aside from religion, the young Payne showed interest in politics and economics. He later became a successful writer in these areas.〔 As an adult, he was appointed by the Liberian government to work to complete the severance of Liberia's ties to the American Colonization Society.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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